Agnathia
Agnathia
Agnathia (pronunciation: ag-nay-thee-uh) is a rare and severe congenital disorder characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the lower jaw (mandible). The term is derived from the Greek words 'a' meaning 'without', and 'gnathos' meaning 'jaw'.
Etymology
The term Agnathia is derived from the Greek words 'a' (without) and 'gnathos' (jaw). It was first used in medical literature to describe the absence or underdevelopment of the mandible.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of Agnathia is the absence or underdevelopment of the lower jaw. This can lead to difficulties with feeding and breathing. Other symptoms may include micrognathia (small jaw), retrognathia (receding jaw), and prognathia (protruding jaw).
Causes
Agnathia is a congenital disorder, meaning it is present at birth. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, the exact cause is unknown.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Agnathia is typically made through a physical examination and imaging studies such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Genetic testing may also be performed to identify any underlying genetic abnormalities.
Treatment
Treatment for Agnathia typically involves surgery to reconstruct the jaw. This may be performed in stages, with initial surgery in infancy and further surgeries as the child grows. Other treatments may include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Related Terms
- Micrognathia: A condition characterized by a smaller than normal jaw.
- Retrognathia: A condition where the lower jaw is set further back than the upper jaw.
- Prognathia: A condition where the lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper jaw.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Agnathia
- Wikipedia's article - Agnathia
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