Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (pronounced: al-de-hyde de-hy-dro-gen-ase) is a group of enzymes that metabolize aldehydes.
Etymology
The term "Aldehyde dehydrogenase" is derived from the chemical reaction that it catalyzes, which involves the removal of a hydrogen atom from an aldehyde.
Function
Aldehyde dehydrogenases are involved in the detoxification of aldehydes produced by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. They are critical for the conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids.
Classification
Aldehyde dehydrogenases are classified into three families: ALDH1, ALDH2, and ALDH3. Each family has different subtypes and is associated with different functions and locations within the cell.
ALDH1
ALDH1 is primarily located in the cytosol, the liquid component of the cell's cytoplasm. It is involved in the metabolism of aldehydes derived from alcohol and other sources.
ALDH2
ALDH2 is located in the mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of the cell. It is particularly important in the metabolism of acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism.
ALDH3
ALDH3 is found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell's plasma membrane. It is involved in the metabolism of long-chain aldehydes and the detoxification of aldehydes produced during oxidative stress.
Related Terms
- Aldehyde: An organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group, with the structure R-CHO, consists of a carbonyl center bonded to hydrogen and an R group.
- Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from a particular molecule, particularly in the reactions of metabolism.
- Enzyme: A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
- Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Aldehyde dehydrogenase
- Wikipedia's article - Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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