Amine

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Amine

Amine (/əˈmiːn, ˈæmiːn/; from Arabic: al-'anmīn) is an organic compound that contains a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkyl aryl amines).

Etymology

The term "amine" was coined from the root word "ammonia". The word "ammonia" is derived from the name of the Egyptian god Amun, who was also known as Jupiter Ammon in Roman mythology. Ammonia was first isolated by alchemists in the form of sal ammoniac, a salt that was known to the Romans and Egyptians.

Types of Amines

Amines are classified according to the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. There are three types of amines: primary amines (primary amines), secondary amines (secondary amines), and tertiary amines (tertiary amines).

Properties of Amines

Amines are generally weak bases, but they can also act as weak acids. They are also nucleophiles due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Amines can form hydrogen bonds, which makes them more soluble in water compared to hydrocarbons of similar molar mass.

Uses of Amines

Amines have a wide range of uses in the chemical industry, including in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. They are also used in the manufacture of rubber, in the purification of natural gas, and in the production of detergents and surfactants.

Related Terms

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