Archaeology

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Archaeology

Archaeology (pronounced: /ˌɑːrkiˈɒlədʒi/), from the Greek words archaia ("ancient things") and logos ("theory" or "science"), is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

Archaeology is often considered a branch of socio-cultural Anthropology, but archaeologists also draw from Biological Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, and History.

Overview

Archaeology studies human history from the development of the first stone tools in prehistoric times to recent decades. It includes the study of Artifacts, Architecture, Biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes.

Methods

Archaeologists use various methods to locate and excavate sites, including surveys, excavations, and geophysical surveys. They also use laboratory analyses to interpret the data they collect.

Sub-disciplines

There are many sub-disciplines of archaeology, including Maritime Archaeology, Environmental Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, and Forensic Archaeology.

Related Terms

  • Anthropology: The study of humans and human behavior and societies in the past and present.
  • Artifacts: An object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
  • Architecture: The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
  • Biofacts: Natural objects, such as plants and animals, that are found in archaeological sites but were not made by humans.
  • Cultural Anthropology: The study of contemporary human cultures and how these cultures are formed and shape the world around them.
  • Excavation: The process of finding and uncovering artifacts or other evidence from the past.
  • Forensic Archaeology: The application of archaeological techniques for legal purposes.
  • Geophysical Survey: A method of collecting information about the physical properties of the rocks and sediments in a specific area.
  • History: The study of past events.
  • Maritime Archaeology: The study of human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains.
  • Survey: A method used in archaeology to search for archaeological sites and collect information about them.

External links

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