Articular tubercle

The articular tubercle is a bony eminence on the temporal bone of the skull. It plays a crucial role in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is the joint connecting the mandible (lower jaw) to the skull. This structure is important for the movement and function of the jaw, particularly in activities such as chewing and speaking.

Anatomy

Lateral view of the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

The articular tubercle is located on the inferior aspect of the temporal bone, anterior to the mandibular fossa. It forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa, which accommodates the condyle of the mandible. The articular tubercle is covered with fibrocartilage, which provides a smooth surface for the movement of the mandibular condyle during jaw movements.

Function

The primary function of the articular tubercle is to act as a stabilizing structure for the temporomandibular joint. During the opening of the mouth, the mandibular condyle moves forward and downward onto the articular tubercle. This movement is essential for the full range of motion of the jaw. The articular tubercle helps prevent dislocation of the mandible by providing a bony barrier that limits excessive forward movement of the condyle.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the temporomandibular joint, such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), can involve the articular tubercle. Symptoms of TMD may include pain, clicking, or locking of the jaw. In some cases, the articular tubercle may be involved in conditions such as arthritis or trauma, which can affect the function of the TMJ.

Related Structures

The articular tubercle is part of the complex anatomy of the temporomandibular joint, which also includes the mandibular fossa, the articular disc, and the ligaments and muscles that support the joint. The articular disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure that sits between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone, providing cushioning and facilitating smooth movement.

Related Pages

• Temporomandibular joint
• Mandible
• Temporal bone
• Temporomandibular joint disorder