Astrocyte
Astrocyte
Astrocytes (pronounced: /ˈæstrəˌsaɪt/), also known collectively as astroglia, are a type of glial cell that are star-shaped. They are the most abundant cell of the human brain. These cells are highly involved in brain function, and have been implicated in a variety of neurological diseases.
Etymology
The term "astrocyte" comes from the Greek words "astron" meaning star, and "kytos" meaning cell, referring to the star-like shape of the cell.
Function
Astrocytes perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries.
Related Terms
- Neuron: The main component of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia.
- Glial cell: Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain and peripheral nervous system.
- Blood-brain barrier: A highly selective semipermeable border that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system.
- Neuroglia: Also called glial cells or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Astrocyte
- Wikipedia's article - Astrocyte
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