Autism spectrum disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) /ɔːˈtɪzəm 'spektrəm dɪs'ɔːdər/ are a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication.
Etymology
The term "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos," meaning "self." It was first used by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1910 to describe a group of symptoms of schizophrenia. The term "spectrum" refers to the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability that can occur in individuals with ASD.
Symptoms
Symptoms of ASD typically appear in the first two years of life. They include difficulties with social interaction, communication challenges, and a tendency to engage in repetitive behaviors. However, symptoms can vary widely in type and severity.
Social Interaction and Communication
People with ASD often have difficulties with social interaction and communication. This can include challenges with social skills, such as understanding and responding to social cues, and difficulties with communication, such as delayed language development or nonverbal communication.
Repetitive Behaviors
Individuals with ASD often engage in repetitive behaviors, which can include a wide range of activities, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or obsession with routines.
Related Conditions
ASD often co-occurs with other conditions, such as ADHD, anxiety disorders, or depression.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ASD involves evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including a psychologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, and speech therapist. The evaluation typically includes a parent interview, observation of the child, and standardized testing.
Treatment
While there is no cure for ASD, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatments can include behavioral therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication.
See Also
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