Backward
Backward (medical term)
Backward (pronounced: /ˈbakwərd/) is a term often used in the medical field to describe a condition or movement that is opposite to the usual or natural direction.
Etymology
The term "backward" originates from the Middle English word "bakward", which is a combination of "bak" (back) and "ward" (direction).
Medical Usage
In medical terminology, "backward" is used to describe conditions where normal growth or development is reversed or hindered. For example, in Pediatrics, a child may be described as having "backward development" if they are not meeting the typical developmental milestones.
In Orthopedics, "backward" can refer to a movement or position of a joint or limb that is opposite to its usual direction. For example, a "backward bend" of the knee would indicate a bend in the opposite direction to the normal bending of the knee.
In Cardiology, "backward failure" refers to a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood forward, causing it to accumulate in the organs and tissues in the body.
Related Terms
- Retrograde: In medical terms, retrograde often refers to a backward movement or action, such as the flow of blood or other bodily fluids.
- Regression: In psychology, regression is a return to earlier stages of development and abandoned forms of gratification belonging to them, prompted by dangers or conflicts arising at one of the later stages.
- Reflux: In medicine, reflux is a condition that involves backward flow of stomach acid or bile into the esophagus.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Backward
- Wikipedia's article - Backward
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