Beta-lactamases
Beta-lactamases
Beta-lactamases (pronounced: bay-tuh lak-tuh-may-siz) are enzymes produced by some bacteria that provide resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem). The term "beta-lactamase" is derived from the Greek words "beta" meaning "second" and "lactam" referring to a type of ring structure found in these antibiotics.
Function
Beta-lactamases work by breaking the beta-lactam ring that is central to the molecular structure of these antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This mechanism of resistance is one of the most common and problematic for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Classification
Beta-lactamases are classified into four major groups (Classes A, C, and D are active against penicillins, while Class B is not). This classification is based on their protein structure and is also related to their function and the types of antibiotics they can inactivate.
Clinical Significance
The production of beta-lactamases is a major cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. This has led to the development of beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid, which are designed to inhibit the action of these enzymes and allow the antibiotics to work effectively.
Related Terms
- Beta-lactam antibiotics: A class of antibiotics that includes penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems.
- Clavulanic acid: A beta-lactamase inhibitor often used in combination with penicillin-type antibiotics to overcome resistance.
- Antibiotic resistance: The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Beta-lactamases
- Wikipedia's article - Beta-lactamases
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