Biofilm
Biofilm
Biofilm (pronounced: /ˈbīōˌfilm/) is a complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate. Biofilms are typically composed of multiple species of bacteria, although they can also include fungi and protists.
Etymology
The term "biofilm" is derived from the Greek words "bios" meaning "life" and "film" meaning "a thin layer or coating". It was first used in the late 20th century to describe the thin layer of microorganisms that often forms on the surfaces in aquatic environments.
Definition
A Biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms encapsulated within a self-developed polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface.
Characteristics
Biofilms are characterized by a number of distinct traits, including structural heterogeneity, genetic diversity, complex community interactions, and an extracellular matrix of polymeric substances. This matrix protects the cells within it and increases their resistance to antibiotics, disinfectants, and the host immune system.
Formation
Biofilm formation is a multi-step process that includes initial attachment, micro-colony formation, maturation, and dispersion. Each of these steps involves specific genes and proteins.
Related Terms
- Quorum sensing: A system of stimulus and response correlated to population density. Quorum sensing is crucial for biofilm formation as it regulates the production of extracellular polymeric substances.
- Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS): These are high molecular weight compounds secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPS form the 'cement' that holds the biofilm together.
- Microbiota: The assemblage of microorganisms present in a defined environment. Biofilms are a component of the microbiota of many environments.
- Antibiotic resistance: The ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. Biofilms often exhibit high levels of antibiotic resistance.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Biofilm
- Wikipedia's article - Biofilm
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