Bullous myringitis hemorrhagica
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Bullous myringitis hemorrhagica | |
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Synonyms | Hemorrhagic bullous myringitis |
Pronounce | N/A |
Specialty | N/A |
Symptoms | Ear pain, hearing loss, tinnitus |
Complications | Otitis media, hearing impairment |
Onset | Sudden |
Duration | Usually resolves within a few days to weeks |
Types | N/A |
Causes | Viral infection, bacterial infection |
Risks | Upper respiratory tract infection, influenza |
Diagnosis | Otoscopy, tympanometry |
Differential diagnosis | Acute otitis media, otitis externa |
Prevention | Vaccination, hand hygiene |
Treatment | Analgesics, antibiotics if bacterial |
Medication | Ibuprofen, amoxicillin |
Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
Frequency | Rare |
Deaths | N/A |
A type of ear infection
Bullous myringitis hemorrhagica is an acute otitis media characterized by the presence of hemorrhagic bullae on the tympanic membrane. This condition is a variant of myringitis, which involves inflammation of the eardrum.
Pathophysiology
Bullous myringitis hemorrhagica is caused by a viral or bacterial infection that leads to the formation of fluid-filled blisters on the tympanic membrane. The most common pathogens associated with this condition include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The infection results in inflammation and the accumulation of serous or hemorrhagic fluid within the bullae.
Clinical Presentation
Patients with bullous myringitis hemorrhagica typically present with sudden onset of severe otalgia (ear pain), which may be accompanied by hearing loss and tinnitus. The pain is often more intense than that experienced in typical cases of otitis media. On otoscopic examination, the presence of hemorrhagic bullae on the tympanic membrane is a distinguishing feature.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of bullous myringitis hemorrhagica is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the tympanic membrane during otoscopic examination. Audiometry may be used to assess the degree of hearing loss. In some cases, tympanometry can help evaluate the mobility of the tympanic membrane.
Treatment
Treatment of bullous myringitis hemorrhagica involves addressing the underlying infection and managing symptoms. Analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen are commonly used to alleviate pain. If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed. In cases where the bullae cause significant discomfort or do not resolve, myringotomy may be performed to drain the fluid and relieve pressure.
Prognosis
The prognosis for bullous myringitis hemorrhagica is generally good, with most patients experiencing complete resolution of symptoms with appropriate treatment. Complications are rare but may include tympanic membrane perforation or persistent conductive hearing loss.
Prevention
Preventive measures for bullous myringitis hemorrhagica include vaccination against common pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to respiratory infections can also reduce the risk of developing this condition.
See also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD