Calcium nitrate
Chemical compound
Calcium Nitrate
Calcium nitrate, also known as Norgessalpeter, is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO₃)₂. This colorless salt absorbs moisture from the air and is commonly found as a tetrahydrate. It is mainly used as a component in fertilizers but has other applications as well.
Chemical Properties
Calcium nitrate is a highly soluble compound in water and alcohol. It is a typical ionic nitrate, which means it can dissociate into calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) in solution. The compound is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the environment, which is why it is often found in its hydrated form.
Production
Calcium nitrate is produced by treating limestone with nitric acid, followed by neutralization with ammonia. It can also be obtained as a byproduct of the Haber process for ammonia production. The reaction can be represented as:
- CaCO₃ + 2 HNO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + CO₂ + H₂O
Applications
Fertilizer
Calcium nitrate is widely used as a fertilizer, providing both calcium and nitrogen to plants. It is especially beneficial for crops that require high levels of calcium, such as tomatoes and peppers. The compound helps improve fruit quality and shelf life.
Waste Water Treatment
In waste water treatment, calcium nitrate is used to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulfide in sewage systems. It acts as an oxidizing agent, converting sulfides into sulfates, which are less odorous and corrosive.
Concrete and Construction
Calcium nitrate is used in the construction industry as a set accelerator for concrete. It helps in reducing the setting time of concrete, especially in cold weather conditions, and improves the strength of the concrete.
Safety and Handling
Calcium nitrate should be handled with care, as it can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. It should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent it from absorbing moisture and forming a solution.
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