Capsid
Capsid
Capsid (/ˈkæpsɪd/), from the Latin capsa meaning "box", is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological unit, seen under the electron microscope, is called a capsomere. The capsid encloses the genetic material of the virus.
Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have complex structures consisting of a icosahedral or helical structure attached to a helical tail.
Structure
The capsid is made from identical protein subunits called capsomeres. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid. Capsid morphologies are commonly of icosahedral or helical form.
Function
The function of the capsid is to protect the viral genetic material from damage. In addition, it is involved in the transfer of the viral genetic material into host cells.
Related Terms
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Capsid
- Wikipedia's article - Capsid
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