Papaverine
Papaverine is a vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant, originally derived from the Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) plant. It is a non-addictive derivative of the opium poppy, and is chemically unrelated to the opioids.
History[edit]
Papaverine was first isolated in 1848 by the French chemist François-Magendie. It was the first alkaloid to be isolated from the opium poppy. The name "papaverine" comes from papaver, the Latin name for the opium poppy.
Pharmacology[edit]
Papaverine works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in smooth muscle cells. This results in relaxation of the smooth muscle and vasodilation. It is used in the treatment of vasospasm, erectile dysfunction, and in vascular surgery.
Clinical uses[edit]
Papaverine is used clinically for the treatment of acute vasospasm, especially in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is also used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, and is sometimes used in vascular surgery to prevent or treat vasospasm in blood vessels.
Side effects[edit]
Common side effects of papaverine include nausea, rash, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, it can cause hepatotoxicity or liver damage.
See also[edit]
