Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins (pronounced: sef-uh-loh-spawr-ins) are a class of antibiotics derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.
Etymology
The term "Cephalosporin" originates from the Greek words kephalē, meaning "head", and sporos, meaning "seed". This is in reference to the fungus Cephalosporium from which the antibiotics were first isolated, which produces spores that have a head-like appearance.
Classification
Cephalosporins are broadly classified into five generations, each with varying degrees of activity against different types of bacteria. They are:
- First-generation cephalosporins
- Second-generation cephalosporins
- Third-generation cephalosporins
- Fourth-generation cephalosporins
- Fifth-generation cephalosporins
Mechanism of Action
Cephalosporins work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death. They are bactericidal and have the same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins).
Uses
Cephalosporins are used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, strep throat, meningitis, and gonorrhea. They are also commonly used in surgical prophylaxis.
Side Effects
Common side effects of cephalosporins include diarrhea, nausea, rash, and allergic reactions. In rare cases, they can cause more serious side effects such as anaphylaxis.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cephalosporins
- Wikipedia's article - Cephalosporins
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