Bacterial resistance
Bacterial Resistance
Bacterial resistance (pronunciation: /bækˈtɪərɪəl rɪˈzɪstəns/) is a phenomenon in which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
Etymology
The term "bacterial resistance" is derived from the Latin words "bacterium" meaning a small rod and "resistentia" meaning resistance. It was first used in the mid-20th century to describe bacteria that had developed a resistance to antibiotics.
Definition
Bacterial resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic or other drug that was once able to kill or inhibit the growth of the bacteria. This resistance can be a natural phenomenon or can be induced by factors such as misuse of antibiotics.
Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance
Bacterial resistance can occur through several mechanisms:
- Mutation: Spontaneous changes in the bacteria's genetic material can lead to resistance.
- Conjugation: Bacteria can transfer genetic material, including genes responsible for drug resistance, to other bacteria.
- Transformation: Bacteria can take up genetic material from their environment that contains resistance genes.
Impact of Bacterial Resistance
Bacterial resistance is a significant concern in medicine and public health. It can lead to infections that are difficult to treat, increased healthcare costs, and increased mortality rates.
Prevention and Control
Prevention and control of bacterial resistance involve appropriate use of antibiotics, infection control practices, surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and research into new antibiotics and treatments.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Bacterial resistance
- Wikipedia's article - Bacterial resistance
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