Chromosomal inversion
Chromosomal Inversion
Chromosomal inversion (pronunciation: kroh-muh-soh-muhl in-vur-zhuhn) is a type of chromosome abnormality in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. This occurs when a single chromosome undergoes breakage and rearrangement within itself.
Etymology
The term "chromosomal inversion" is derived from the Greek word "chroma" meaning color, "soma" meaning body, and the Latin word "inversio" meaning a turning inside out. This refers to the process where a segment of a chromosome is reversed or turned inside out.
Related Terms
- Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
- Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Genetic mutation: A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
- Genetic recombination: The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
Process
Chromosomal inversion happens during meiosis, a type of cell division. It involves the flipping of a segment of the chromosome in the opposite direction. This can lead to altered gene expression and can have various effects on the organism's phenotype.
Types of Chromosomal Inversion
There are two types of chromosomal inversions: paracentric and pericentric.
- Paracentric inversion: This occurs when the inverted segment of the chromosome does not include the centromere.
- Pericentric inversion: This occurs when the inverted segment of the chromosome includes the centromere.
Effects
Chromosomal inversions can lead to a variety of effects, depending on the genes involved in the inversion. These can range from no noticeable effect to significant changes in phenotype, including physical or developmental abnormalities.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chromosomal inversion
- Wikipedia's article - Chromosomal inversion
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