Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (pronounced as sip roe flox' a sin) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of the fluoroquinolone class. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic primarily used for a variety of bacterial infections.
Etymology
The term "Ciprofloxacin" is derived from the generic name "Cipro" and "floxacin", a common suffix for fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The "hydrochloride" part of the name refers to the hydrochloride salt form of the drug, which increases its solubility in water.
Pharmacology
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride works by inhibiting the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to the death of the bacteria and clears up the infection.
Indications
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is used to treat a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, bone and joint infections, and certain types of gastrointestinal infections. It is also used to treat certain sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, lightheadedness, and trouble sleeping. Serious side effects include tendon damage, nerve problems, serious mood changes, and low blood sugar.
Precautions
Patients with a history of myasthenia gravis, a muscle condition, should avoid using Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. It should also be used with caution in patients with central nervous system disorders, such as seizures.
Related Terms
- Fluoroquinolone
- Antibacterial
- DNA gyrase
- Topoisomerase IV
- Urinary tract infections
- Respiratory tract infections
- Skin infections
- Bone and joint infections
- Gastrointestinal infections
- Gonorrhea
- Myasthenia gravis
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
- Wikipedia's article - Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
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