Closed adoption

Closed adoption refers to a type of adoption where there is no contact or exchange of information between the birth parents and the adoptive parents and, consequently, with the adopted child. This form of adoption is characterized by the sealing of records and maintaining strict confidentiality about each other's identities and personal information.

Overview

In a closed adoption, all identifying information is sealed, making it legally inaccessible by the adoptee. The records can typically only be unsealed by a court order, which is often difficult to obtain. This type of adoption was historically the most common in the United States and many other parts of the world until the late 20th century when there was a shift towards more open adoption practices.

Historical Context

Closed adoptions gained popularity as a way to protect all parties involved. For birth parents, it offered a way to move forward without the societal stigma associated with unwed pregnancy or the inability to raise a child. For adoptive parents, it provided a sense of security and permanency, without interference from the birth parents. For the children, it was believed to help them integrate into their new families without the complexities of ties to their biological relatives.

Legal and Social Implications

The legal framework surrounding closed adoption is designed to protect the privacy of all parties. However, this secrecy can lead to significant emotional challenges for the adoptee. Many adoptees grow up with unresolved questions about their heritage, medical history, and reasons for their adoption. This lack of information can lead to feelings of abandonment and identity issues.

Contemporary Views and Reforms

In recent decades, there has been a shift towards more open adoption arrangements, where some form of ongoing contact or information exchange between the birth and adoptive families is allowed and even encouraged. This change has been driven by advocacy from adoptees and recognition of the psychological benefits of open adoption.

Psychological Impact

Closed adoption can have a profound impact on the psychological well-being of the adoptee. Issues such as identity development, feelings of rejection, and unresolved grief are common. Adoptive parents in closed adoptions may also face challenges, including dealing with the child's questions about their origins that they cannot answer.

Conclusion

While closed adoption may still be the preferred choice for some due to its privacy and finality, it is increasingly being replaced or supplemented by more open arrangements. The trend towards openness in adoption is seen as a way to promote healthier outcomes for all parties involved.

This adoption related article is a stub. You can help WikiMD by expanding it.