Clubfoot

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Clubfoot
Synonyms	Congenital talipes equinovarus
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Foot twisted out of shape or position
Complications	Arthritis, difficulty walking
Onset	Birth
Duration
Types
Causes	Genetic and environmental factors
Risks	Family history, smoking during pregnancy
Diagnosis	Physical examination, prenatal ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Metatarsus adductus, vertical talus
Prevention
Treatment	Ponseti method, French method, surgery
Medication
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	1 in 1,000 births
Deaths

Clubfoot or congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a congenital deformity involving one foot or both. The affected foot appears to have been rotated internally at the ankle. Without treatment, people with clubfoot often appear to walk on their ankles or on the sides of their feet.

813 Clubfoot

Etiology

While the exact cause of clubfoot is still unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is, however, more prevalent in male children and in those with a family history of the condition.

Presentation

In a clubfoot, the tendons on the inside of the leg are shortened, the bones have an unusual shape, and the Achilles tendon is tightened. If left untreated, the foot will remain deformed, and the affected individual will not be able to walk normally.

Diagnosis

Clubfoot is usually diagnosed through a physical examination shortly after birth. The condition may also be detected before birth during an ultrasound examination.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to improve the look and function of the foot before a child starts to walk, reducing the potential for disability.

• Ponseti method: This is the most common treatment for clubfoot and involves weekly manipulation and casting for several weeks, followed by a minor surgical procedure to release the tight Achilles tendon.
• French Method: This method involves daily physical therapy, with stretching, mobilization, and taping.
• Surgery: More severe cases of clubfoot may require surgery to adjust the tendons, ligaments, and joints in the foot and ankle.

Prognosis

With early treatment, the majority of clubfeet can be corrected, allowing individuals to have a relatively normal life.

See Also

• Orthopedics
• Pediatrics
• Genetic disorder
• Ponseti method

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