Cognitive reserve
Cognitive Reserve
Cognitive reserve (pronunciation: /ˈkɒgnɪtɪv rɪˈzɜːv/) is a concept in neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience that describes the brain's resilience to neurological damage.
Etymology
The term "cognitive reserve" was first used in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The word "cognitive" comes from the Latin cognitio, meaning "knowledge", and "reserve" from the Latin reservare, meaning "to keep back, save up".
Definition
Cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to improvise and find alternate ways of getting a job done. It can be thought of as the brain's ability to withstand neurological damage without showing visible signs of cognitive impairment.
Related Terms
- Brain Reserve: This is a concept related to cognitive reserve. It refers to the actual difference in the brain that accounts for the individual differences in susceptibility to age-related brain changes or neurological disorders.
- Neuroplasticity: This is the ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury. It is a fundamental process that underlies cognitive reserve.
- Neurodegeneration: This is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons. Cognitive reserve can help delay the onset of symptoms related to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
- Cognitive Aging: This refers to the decline in cognitive processing that occurs as individuals age. Cognitive reserve can influence the rate and extent of cognitive aging.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cognitive reserve
- Wikipedia's article - Cognitive reserve
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