Contingency management
Contingency Management (pronunciation: /kənˈtɪndʒənsi mænɪdʒmənt/) is a type of behavioral therapy that provides rewards for demonstrating desirable behaviors and penalties for undesirable ones.
Etymology
The term "contingency" comes from the Latin word 'contingere', which means 'to touch on all sides'. The term "management" is derived from the Italian word 'maneggiare' which means 'to handle'.
Definition
Contingency Management is a therapeutic intervention that aims to change behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior. In other words, rewards are given for positive behavior changes and penalties are applied for negative behaviors. This approach is often used in substance abuse treatment, where patients are rewarded for abstaining from drug use.
Principles
The principles of Contingency Management are based on B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory, which suggests that behavior is learned and maintained by its consequences. The main principles include:
- Positive reinforcement: Providing a reward when a desired behavior is demonstrated.
- Negative reinforcement: Removing an unpleasant stimulus when a desired behavior is demonstrated.
- Punishment: Applying an unpleasant stimulus when an undesired behavior is demonstrated.
- Extinction: Removing a reward when an undesired behavior is demonstrated.
Related Terms
- Behavioral Therapy
- Operant Conditioning
- Substance Abuse
- Positive Reinforcement
- Negative Reinforcement
- Punishment
- Extinction
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Contingency management
- Wikipedia's article - Contingency management
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