Court-martial
Court-martial
Court-martial (pronounced: /ˈkɔːrt mɑːrʃəl/) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to decide upon punishment.
Etymology
The term "court-martial" is derived from the French "cour martiale". The word "court", which originally meant simply a place where people gathered, derives from the Latin "cohors", which referred to an enclosed yard. The word "martial" derives from the name of Mars, the Roman god of war.
Related Terms
- Military law: The body of laws, rules, and regulations that govern military personnel. This is the legal framework within which a court-martial operates.
- Military tribunal: A kind of military court designed to try members of enemy forces during wartime, operating outside the scope of conventional criminal and civil proceedings.
- Summary Courts-Martial: One of three types of courts-martial in the United States military legal system, it offers the quickest and simplest procedure for trying charges of minor misconduct.
- Special Courts-Martial: A type of military court that tries military personnel for serious non-capital offenses. It is considered intermediate in its severity.
- General Courts-Martial: The highest court in the military court system, it tries the most serious crimes, such as those requiring a death penalty.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Court-martial
- Wikipedia's article - Court-martial
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