Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
Synonyms	Lionitis
Pronounce
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	Hyperostosis, craniofacial dysmorphism, neurological impairment
Complications	Blindness, deafness, paralysis
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Lifelong
Types
Causes	Genetic mutation
Risks
Diagnosis	Radiography, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis	Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, Paget's disease of bone
Prevention
Treatment	Surgery, supportive care
Medication
Prognosis	Poor
Frequency	Extremely rare
Deaths

Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia (CDD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal bone growth, particularly affecting the skull and facial bones. This condition leads to excessive calcium deposition and thickening of the cranial bones, resulting in a distinctive facial appearance and potential complications due to the compression of cranial nerves and other structures.

Etiology

Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia is believed to be caused by mutations in genes responsible for bone metabolism and growth. The condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to manifest the disorder.

Clinical Features

Patients with Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia typically present with:

• Hyperostosis of the cranial bones
• Facial dysmorphism, including a broad nasal bridge and hypertelorism
• Proptosis due to orbital involvement
• Hearing loss and vision impairment due to cranial nerve compression
• Respiratory difficulties from nasal obstruction

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia is primarily based on clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Radiography and CT scans reveal characteristic thickening of the cranial bones. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations associated with the disorder.

Management

There is no cure for Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia, and treatment is primarily supportive. Management strategies include:

• Surgical intervention to relieve pressure on cranial nerves
• Hearing aids for auditory impairment
• Physical therapy to improve mobility and function
• Multidisciplinary care involving specialists such as neurologists, otolaryngologists, and geneticists

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of complications. Early intervention and comprehensive care can improve quality of life and functional outcomes.

See also

• Craniofacial dysostosis
• Osteopetrosis
• Genetic disorders