Death of Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement against British Raj. His death remains one of the most intriguing and debated topics in Indian history. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the circumstances surrounding the death of Subhas Chandra Bose, based on the information available up to the knowledge cutoff date in 2023.

Early Life and Political Career

Subhas Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, in the province of Orissa, into a well-to-do family. He pursued his studies at the Presidency College in Kolkata, where he was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna. Bose's political career began when he joined the Indian National Congress, where he was particularly noted for his advocacy of complete and unconditional independence for India, as opposed to the dominion status being sought by the Congress leadership at the time.

Formation of the INA

Dissatisfied with the leadership of the Congress, particularly with its willingness to participate in the Second World War on the side of the British, Bose escaped India in 1941. He traveled to Germany and later to Japan, where he led the Indian National Army (INA) composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured by the Japanese. The INA fought alongside the Japanese against the British in the Burma campaign but was forced to retreat after Japanese defeats and the surrender of Japan in 1945.

Death

The official account states that Subhas Chandra Bose died from injuries sustained in an air crash in Taihoku (modern-day Taipei), Taiwan, on 18 August 1945. However, there have been numerous theories and claims that contest this account, suggesting that Bose survived the crash and went into hiding or lived incognito.

Controversies and Theories

Several committees and commissions have been set up in India to investigate Bose's death. The most notable among these were the Shah Nawaz Committee (1956), the Khosla Commission (1970), and the Mukherjee Commission (1999). While the first two supported the air crash theory, the Mukherjee Commission suggested that Bose did not die in the crash, although it could not conclusively determine his fate post-1945.

Theories about Bose's survival have varied, ranging from him living as a sadhu (holy man) in India to him being in Soviet custody in Siberia. Despite these theories, no concrete evidence has been found to support any claims of Bose's survival beyond 1945.

Legacy

Subhas Chandra Bose is remembered as a hero in India, with his attempt to secure Indian independence by aligning with Axis powers during World War II being a subject of much debate and analysis. His call for complete independence and his efforts to mobilize Indian expatriates and the INA have left a lasting impact on the Indian independence movement.

Conclusion

The death of Subhas Chandra Bose remains a mystery wrapped in speculation and conflicting reports. Despite numerous investigations, the exact circumstances of his demise are still unclear, making it one of the most enduring mysteries in Indian history.

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  Subhas Chandra Bose in Tokyo

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  Map showing Subhas Chandra Bose's exit from Burma in late April 1945

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  Flight paths of Subhas Chandra Bose on 16, 17, and 18 August 1945

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  Ki-21 "Sally" bomber, similar to the one used by Bose

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  Death of Subhas Chandra Bose