Dna methylation
DNA Methylation
DNA Methylation (/diː.eɪ.nəː.mɛθɪˈleɪʃən/) is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located in a gene promoter, DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription.
Etymology
The term "DNA Methylation" is derived from the process it describes. "DNA" is an acronym for Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms. "Methylation" comes from the term "methyl group", which is an alkyl derived from methane.
Function
DNA methylation is essential for normal development and is associated with a number of key processes including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, repression of transposable elements, and aging.
Related Terms
- Epigenetics: The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. DNA Methylation is a major mechanism in epigenetics.
- Histone modification: Another form of epigenetic regulation, often working in concert with DNA methylation.
- Methyltransferase: The enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to an acceptor.
- CpG site: A region of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. DNA methylation occurs predominantly at CpG sites.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Dna methylation
- Wikipedia's article - Dna methylation
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