Dna sequencing
DNA Sequencing
DNA sequencing (/diː.eɪnːə/; from the Latin deoxyribonucleic acid) is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery.
History
The rapid speed of sequencing attained with modern DNA sequencing technology has been instrumental in the sequencing of the human genome, in the Human Genome Project. Related projects, often by scientific collaboration across continents, have generated the complete DNA sequences of many animal, plant, and microbial genomes.
Methods
There are two major methods of DNA sequencing: the Sanger method and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). The Sanger method, also known as chain-termination sequencing, produces longer reads of DNA sequences, but at a slower pace and higher cost. NGS, on the other hand, produces shorter reads but at a much faster pace and lower cost.
Applications
DNA sequencing is used in many different fields of science. It is used in molecular biology to study the genomes of organisms. In medicine, it is used to identify genetic disorders and to develop personalized treatments for patients. In forensics, it is used to identify individuals or their relatives by comparing their DNA sequences.
See Also
References
- Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977). "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (12): 5463–7.
- Shendure J, Ji H (2008). "Next-generation DNA sequencing". Nature Biotechnology. 26 (10): 1135–45.
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