Endocardium

Endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and the valves, facilitating the flow of blood within the heart.

Structure

The endocardium is a thin layer of endothelial cells, which are in direct contact with the blood that the heart pumps. It is continuous with the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels attached to the heart, such as the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The endocardium is separated from the underlying myocardium (the muscular tissue of the heart) by a layer of connective tissue.

Function

The endocardium plays a crucial role in the function of the heart. It provides a smooth surface that minimizes friction as blood flows through the heart. It also plays a role in the regulation of the contraction of the heart muscle, the myocardium. The endocardium is involved in the formation of heart valves, which prevent the backflow of blood within the heart.

Clinical significance

Damage to the endocardium can lead to a number of heart conditions. For example, endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium, often caused by infection. This can lead to serious complications, including heart failure and stroke. Other conditions that can affect the endocardium include cardiomyopathy and heart valve disease.

See also

• Heart
• Cardiology
• Cardiovascular system
• Endothelium

References

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  Heart wall structure

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  Endocardium and subendocardium histology