Endothelial dysfunction

Endothelial Dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium (the inner lining of blood vessels) and is broadly defined as an imbalance between vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances produced by (or acting on) the endothelium. Normal functions of endothelial cells include mediation of coagulation, platelet adhesion, immune function and control of volume and electrolyte content of the intravascular and extravascular spaces.

Causes

Endothelial dysfunction is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and heart failure. It can be caused by high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and other factors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of endothelial dysfunction can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat. However, many people with endothelial dysfunction do not have any symptoms until they develop more serious heart disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and various tests. These tests can include blood tests, imaging tests, and sometimes a procedure called an angiogram.

Treatment

Treatment for endothelial dysfunction typically involves lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes can include quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and losing weight if necessary. Medications can include drugs to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.

Prevention

Prevention of endothelial dysfunction can involve maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This can include eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help detect any potential problems early.

See Also

• Atherosclerosis
• Heart Disease
• Hypertension
• Diabetes Mellitus

References

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