Eosinophilic cystitis

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Eosinophilic cystitis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Dysuria, hematuria, urinary frequency, pelvic pain
Complications	Bladder dysfunction, urinary retention
Onset	Any age, more common in children and young adults
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly allergic reaction or autoimmune disorder
Risks	History of allergies, asthma, or eosinophilia
Diagnosis	Cystoscopy, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Interstitial cystitis, bladder cancer, urinary tract infection
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Corticosteroids, antihistamines, immunosuppressive therapy
Medication	Prednisone, hydroxyzine
Prognosis	Variable, can be chronic or resolve spontaneously
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare and poorly understood condition characterized by the inflammation of the bladder wall. It is marked by the presence of a high number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the bladder tissue. The condition can affect individuals of any age and gender, but it is more common in children and young adults. The exact cause of eosinophilic cystitis is unknown, but it is thought to be related to allergies or immune system disorders.

Symptoms

The symptoms of eosinophilic cystitis can vary widely from person to person. Common symptoms include:

• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Frequent urination
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Urinary urgency
• Pain during urination (dysuria)

In severe cases, eosinophilic cystitis can lead to bladder obstruction and kidney damage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis is often challenging due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The definitive diagnosis is made by a bladder biopsy, which shows a high number of eosinophils in the bladder tissue.

Treatment

Treatment for eosinophilic cystitis is aimed at reducing inflammation and managing symptoms. This may include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Antihistamines
• Corticosteroids
• Immunosuppressive drugs

In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the inflamed bladder tissue.

Prognosis

The prognosis for eosinophilic cystitis is generally good with appropriate treatment. Most individuals experience a significant reduction in symptoms and improvement in quality of life. However, the condition can recur in some cases.

See also

• Cystitis
• Interstitial cystitis
• Bladder diseases
• Eosinophils

References

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