Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is a concept in sociology and anthropology that describes the tendency of individuals to view their own culture or ethnic group as the norm and to judge other cultures and ethnic groups based on their own cultural standards. This can lead to a lack of understanding and appreciation for other cultures, and can contribute to discrimination and prejudice.

Definition

Ethnocentrism is defined as the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. It is a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one's own. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion.

Origins

The term "ethnocentrism" was first used by William G. Sumner, a social evolutionist and professor of Political and Social Science at Yale University. He defined it as the viewpoint that "one’s own group is the center of everything," against which all other groups are judged.

Effects

Ethnocentrism can have both positive and negative effects in a society. On the positive side, it can create a sense of social solidarity in groups and promote patriotism. On the negative side, it can lead to cultural misinterpretation, racial and ethnic prejudice, and discrimination.

Examples

Examples of ethnocentrism include the belief that one's own race or ethnic group is the most important and/or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. This can be seen in many different areas, such as religion, customs, and language.

See also

• Cultural relativism
• Xenophobia
• Racism
• Stereotypes

References

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Ethnocentrism

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  William Graham Sumner, who coined the term "ethnocentrism."

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  Franz Boas, an anthropologist who challenged ethnocentric views.