Exocytosis
Exocytosis
Exocytosis (/ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs/; from the Greek exo, meaning "out," and kýtos, meaning "cell") is a process by which a cell transports secretory products through the cell membrane to the exterior of the cell.
Etymology
The term "exocytosis" is derived from the Greek words exo, meaning "out," and kýtos, meaning "cell". The term was first used in the mid-20th century to describe the process observed in cells expelling waste and secreting substances necessary for cellular function.
Process
Exocytosis involves the transport of vesicles, small spherical sacs containing molecules, from the interior of the cell to its surface. These vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular space. This process is essential for the secretion of many biological molecules, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, and is fundamental to many bodily functions, including immune responses and neuronal communication.
Types of Exocytosis
There are two main types of exocytosis: constitutive and regulated.
- Constitutive exocytosis is a continual process where materials are transported from the cell interior to the cell surface.
- Regulated exocytosis only occurs in response to certain signals, such as changes in cellular signaling or environmental conditions.
Related Terms
- Endocytosis: The process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them. It is the opposite of exocytosis.
- Vesicle: A small structure within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
- Cell membrane: The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Exocytosis
- Wikipedia's article - Exocytosis
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