FOXP3
FOXP3
FOXP3 (pronounced as "fox p three"), also known as Forkhead box protein P3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXP3 gene. It is a crucial transcription factor involved in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a vital role in maintaining immune system homeostasis.
Etymology
The name FOXP3 is derived from the gene that encodes it. "FOX" stands for "Forkhead box," which is a group of transcription factors characterized by a distinct DNA-binding forkhead domain. The "P3" indicates that it is the third member of the P subfamily.
Function
FOXP3 is a transcription factor that binds to DNA and controls the expression of several genes. It is primarily known for its role in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These cells are a subset of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease. Mutations in the FOXP3 gene can lead to an autoimmune syndrome known as IPEX syndrome (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome).
Related Terms
- Transcription factor: A protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.
- Regulatory T cells (Tregs): A component of the immune system that suppresses immune responses of other cells.
- IPEX syndrome: A rare X-linked genetic disorder that results in immune dysregulation and autoimmunity.
- Autoimmune disease: A condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on FOXP3
- Wikipedia's article - FOXP3
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