Flat feet

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Flat feet
Synonyms	Pes planus, fallen arches
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Foot pain, knee pain, ankle pain
Complications	Plantar fasciitis, shin splints, bunions
Onset	Can be present from birth or develop over time
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, injury, arthritis, obesity
Risks	Obesity, diabetes, aging, pregnancy
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Tarsal coalition, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Orthotics, physical therapy, surgery
Medication	Pain relievers
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Flat feet, also known as pes planus or fallen arches, is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. This condition can occur when the arches don't develop during childhood or they collapse under weight over time.

Adult Flatfoot

Pes planus 7W - CR seitlich im Stehen - 001

Classification

Flat feet can be classified into two types:

Flatfeet

• Flexible flat feet: The arches on the feet are visible when the person is sitting or standing on tiptoes, but disappear when standing normally.
• Rigid flat feet: The arch is not visible regardless of whether the person is sitting, standing on tiptoes, or standing normally.

Signs and Symptoms

In many instances, flat feet do not cause any problems. However, potential signs and symptoms may include:

• Feet tire easily
• Painful or achy feet, particularly in the areas of the arches and heels
• Swelling along the inside of the ankle
• Difficulty with foot movement, such as standing on the toes.

Causes

Flat feet can be congenital, meaning people are born with the condition. In some cases, flat feet develop over time due to aging, obesity, or pregnancy. Other potential causes include:

• Injuries or overuse of the feet
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Dysfunction, rupture, or damage to the posterior tibial tendon
• Nervous system or muscle diseases, such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or muscular dystrophy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider and may include observing the feet and the individual walking. The provider may also examine the wear pattern on the person's shoes. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be used for a comprehensive evaluation.

Treatment

In cases where flat feet cause pain or other symptoms, treatment options may include:

• Orthotic devices or insoles: These are designed to support the arch of the foot.
• Stretching exercises: Certain exercises may help reduce symptoms.
• Supportive shoes: Shoes that have good arch support and avoid tight or high-heeled shoes.
• Physical therapy: Specific exercises can strengthen the feet and ankles.
• Surgery: In severe cases where non-surgical treatments haven't been successful.

Prognosis

While flat feet can cause pain and other issues, it's a common and typically non-serious condition. Many people with flat feet lead perfectly healthy lives. For those with persistent pain, solutions are available.

Prevention

While some causes of flat feet, such as genetic factors or aging, cannot be prevented, some preventive measures can reduce the risk of developing painful flat feet:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity can put additional stress on the feet.
• Regular exercise: It can help keep joints more flexible and strengthen the muscles supporting the foot.
• Proper footwear: Wearing shoes with good arch support and a low heel can help.
• Limit wearing high heels: They can put stress on the arches.

Complications

Flat feet can occasionally contribute to problems in your ankles and knees because it can alter the alignment of your legs. If you aren't experiencing any pain, no treatment is typically necessary for flat feet. However, if flat feet are causing pain, it's important to seek treatment to alleviate discomfort and avoid potential complications such as:

• Shin splints
• Stress fractures
• Bunions and hammertoes
• Pain in the lower back, hips or knees.

Society and Culture

Flat feet are common in both children and adults, and they can occur in people of all fitness levels and backgrounds. Many athletes with flat feet have successful careers in sports. The key to a healthy lifestyle, even with flat feet, is proper care and treatment when symptoms occur.

External Links

• Podiatry
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

See Also

• Arch support
• Foot Orthotics
• Bunions
• Foot anatomy

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