Fumaria officinalis

Fumaria officinalis, commonly known as Common Fumitory, Drug Fumitory or Earth Smoke, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to Europe and Western Asia and is naturalized in parts of North America, Australia, and New Zealand.

Description

Fumaria officinalis grows up to 10-50 cm tall, and is commonly found in hedgerows and fields. The leaves are finely divided and are arranged in a spiral around the stem. The flowers are pink to purplish, with darker tips, and bloom from April to October.

Distribution and Habitat

Fumaria officinalis is native to Europe and Western Asia. It has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, Australia, and New Zealand. It prefers disturbed habitats, such as fields, roadsides, and waste places.

Uses

Fumaria officinalis has been used in traditional medicine for its purported health benefits. It has been used as a treatment for skin diseases, digestive problems, and as a diuretic. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support these uses.

Toxicity

While Fumaria officinalis is generally considered safe for consumption, it can be toxic in large amounts. Symptoms of toxicity can include stomach upset, diarrhea, and skin irritation.

Cultivation

Fumaria officinalis is a hardy plant that can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It prefers well-drained soil and can grow in both full sun and partial shade.

References

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  Fumaria officinalis habit

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  Fumaria officinalis plant habit

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  Storage jar used for Fumitory Water, Italy, 1640-1660

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  Protopine structural formula

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  Fumaria officinalis illustration