Furanose
Furanose
Furanose (pronunciation: fyoo-ran-ohs) is a term used in carbohydrate chemistry to describe a type of monosaccharide that has a chemical structure similar to that of the organic compound furan. The term is derived from the name of the compound furan, which has a five-membered ring structure, and the suffix "-ose" which is used in biochemistry to denote a sugar.
Etymology
The term "furanose" is a combination of "furan" and "-ose". "Furan" is derived from the Latin word "fur" which means "spelt", a type of grain. The suffix "-ose" is used in biochemistry to denote sugars and is derived from the Latin word "osus" which means "full of".
Structure
Furanose sugars are characterized by their five-membered ring structure, which is similar to that of the organic compound furan. This structure is formed by the reaction of the aldehyde or ketone group of a monosaccharide with one of its hydroxyl groups to form a hemiacetal or hemiketal, respectively. This reaction results in the formation of a five-membered ring, which includes four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
Related Terms
- Monosaccharide: A simple sugar that constitutes the building blocks of more complex forms of sugars.
- Carbohydrate: A large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues, including sugars, starch, and cellulose.
- Furan: A heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen.
- Hemiacetal: A functional group that consists of an alcohol and an ether connected to the same carbon atom.
- Hemiketal: A functional group that consists of an alcohol and an ether connected to the same carbon atom, derived from a ketone.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Furanose
- Wikipedia's article - Furanose
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