Gastric balloon

A medical device used for weight loss

Overview

Illustration of a gastric balloon

A gastric balloon is a type of medical device used in the treatment of obesity. It is a non-surgical intervention that involves placing a deflated balloon into the stomach and then inflating it to occupy space. This procedure is designed to help patients lose weight by reducing the amount of food the stomach can hold, thereby promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing overall food intake.

Procedure

The insertion of a gastric balloon is typically performed endoscopically. During the procedure, a thin tube is passed through the esophagus into the stomach. The balloon is then filled with a sterile saline solution or air, depending on the type of balloon used. The procedure is minimally invasive and usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes to complete.

Types of Gastric Balloons

There are several types of gastric balloons available, each with unique features:

• Saline-filled balloons: These are the most common type and are filled with a saline solution.
• Air-filled balloons: These are lighter than saline-filled balloons and may be more comfortable for some patients.
• Adjustable balloons: These allow for the volume of the balloon to be adjusted after placement, providing more flexibility in treatment.

Mechanism of Action

The gastric balloon works by occupying space in the stomach, which limits the amount of food that can be consumed at one time. This leads to a reduction in caloric intake and promotes weight loss. Additionally, the presence of the balloon can slow gastric emptying, further enhancing the feeling of fullness.

Indications

Gastric balloons are typically indicated for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 to 40 who have not been able to lose weight through diet and exercise alone. They may also be used as a temporary measure to help patients lose weight before undergoing bariatric surgery.

Risks and Complications

Another view of the gastric balloon

While gastric balloons are generally safe, they are not without risks. Potential complications include:

• Nausea and vomiting: Common in the first few days after placement.
• Balloon deflation: If the balloon deflates, it may pass into the intestines and cause an obstruction.
• Gastric ulcers: The balloon can irritate the stomach lining, leading to ulcer formation.

Removal

Gastric balloons are not permanent devices and are typically removed after six months. The removal process is similar to the insertion procedure and involves deflating the balloon and extracting it endoscopically.

Related pages

• Obesity
• Bariatric surgery
• Endoscopy
• Body mass index