Geisha

Geiko Kimiha

Shikomi and maiko

Katsunosuke minarai

Brooklyn Museum - Beauty - Gion Seitoku

Brooklyn Museum - A Kyoto Geisha - Yamaguchi Soken

Geisha are traditional Japanese female entertainers who are skilled in various arts such as classical music, dance, games, and conversation. The role of geisha has evolved over centuries, but they have always been considered as symbols of elegance and grace in Japanese culture.

History

The origins of the geisha can be traced back to the 17th century, during the Edo period in Japan. Initially, geisha were male entertainers who performed at banquets and gatherings, but by the 18th century, female geisha began to predominate the profession. The first woman known to have called herself geisha was a Fukagawa prostitute, who was a skilled singer and shamisen player named Kikuya in the early 1750s. Over time, the role and image of geisha evolved, with an increasing emphasis on the art and skill of entertainment rather than merely providing companionship.

Training and Life

Becoming a geisha involves a long and rigorous apprenticeship. Young girls, often around the age of 15, are recruited into geisha houses, known as okiya, where they begin their training as maiko. This apprenticeship can last for several years, during which the maiko learns various arts, including traditional Japanese instruments (like the shamisen), dance, tea ceremony, and literature, under the guidance of a mentor or onee-san (older sister).

The transformation from maiko to full-fledged geisha (or geiko, as they are called in Kyoto) is marked by a significant ceremony known as erikae (turning of the collar), where the red collar worn by maiko is replaced with a white one, signifying her new status.

Role and Functions

Geisha are hired to attend gatherings, banquets, and other occasions, where they entertain guests through performances, conversation, and games. Contrary to common misconceptions, geisha are not courtesans or prostitutes; their art is centered around the ability to create an atmosphere of hospitality and charm. The presence of a geisha at an event adds to its exclusivity and cultural authenticity.

Modern Day Geisha

Today, the number of geisha in Japan has dwindled significantly, with estimates suggesting that there are fewer than 2,000 practicing geisha. However, they continue to be an important part of Japanese culture and heritage, particularly in districts such as Gion in Kyoto, where the tradition is most preserved. Modern geisha still undergo traditional training and continue to perform at high-end ochaya (tea houses) and special events, maintaining the legacy of their art form.

Cultural Impact

Geisha have had a significant impact on the perception of Japanese culture worldwide. They have been featured in various forms of media, including films, books, and paintings, often symbolizing the mystery and allure of traditional Japan. However, this has also led to misunderstandings and stereotypes, particularly in the West, about the nature of their profession and the skills they possess.

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