Genetic variation
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation (/dʒɪˈnɛtɪk ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/) refers to the diversity in the genetic makeup of individuals within a species. It is a fundamental aspect of biology and a key factor in evolution.
Etymology
The term "genetic variation" is derived from the words "gene," which comes from the Greek word "genos" meaning race or kind, and "variation," which originates from the Latin word "variatio" meaning difference.
Definition
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population. These differences can occur in single genes or as large scale changes such as a change in the number or structure of chromosomes.
Causes
There are several causes of genetic variation including mutation, genetic recombination, and gene flow.
- Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can introduce new genetic variation.
- Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis and can shuffle existing genetic variation into new combinations.
- Gene flow is the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another.
Importance
Genetic variation is important for the survival and adaptation of species. It provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon and is crucial for the evolution of new species.
Related Terms
- Allele: One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism.
- Phenotype: The observable physical properties of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.
- Population genetics: The study of genetic variation within populations.
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