Genome assembly
Genome assembly
Genome assembly (/dʒiːnoʊm əˈsɛmbli/) is the process of taking a large number of short DNA sequence reads and putting them back together to create a representation of the original chromosomes from which the DNA originated.
Etymology
The term "genome assembly" is derived from the words "genome", which is the genetic material of an organism, and "assembly", which refers to the process of putting together components. The term was first used in the context of genetics in the late 20th century.
Process
In a genome assembly, the DNA of an organism is first broken down into manageable pieces, and then reassembled. The resulting assembly is used to determine the original sequence of the genome. This process is crucial in the field of genomics, as it allows scientists to study the genetic makeup of organisms.
The process of genome assembly can be divided into two main types: de novo assembly and reference guided assembly. In de novo assembly, the genome is assembled from scratch without any reference genome. In reference guided assembly, a previously sequenced genome is used as a reference to guide the assembly process.
Related terms
- De novo assembly: The process of assembling a genome from scratch without any reference genome.
- Reference guided assembly: The process of assembling a genome using a previously sequenced genome as a reference.
- Genomics: The study of genomes.
- DNA sequence: The precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genome assembly
- Wikipedia's article - Genome assembly
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