Glial
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Glial Cells
Glial cells (pronounced: /ˈɡliːəl/), also known as neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. The term "glial" is derived from the Greek word "γλία" and "γλοία", meaning "glue".
Types of Glial Cells
There are several types of glial cells, each with their own functions:
- Astrocytes - These are star-shaped cells that provide physical and nutritional support for neurons. They also maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate the fluid around neurons.
- Oligodendrocytes - These cells are responsible for creating the myelin sheath, a fatty layer that protects neurons and helps speed up the transmission of electrical signals.
- Microglia - These are the immune cells of the CNS. They protect the brain from infection and damage by engulfing harmful pathogens and dead cells.
- Schwann Cells - These cells, found in the PNS, also produce the myelin sheath around neurons.
- Ependymal Cells - These cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. They produce cerebrospinal fluid.
Related Terms
- Neuron - The main cellular component of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.
- Myelin Sheath - A protective covering around the axons of neurons, produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
- Blood-Brain Barrier - A semi-permeable barrier that separates the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and protects the brain from harmful substances.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid - A clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by ependymal cells.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Glial
- Wikipedia's article - Glial
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