Microglia

Microglia are a type of glial cell that are the resident macrophage cells, acting as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are distributed in large numbers throughout the brain and spinal cord. They are key cells that constantly scan their environment for pathogens and damages.

Function

Microglia are crucial for brain development and maintenance. They are constantly scavenging the CNS for plaques, damaged neurons and synapses, and infectious agents. The brain and spinal cord, which together make up the CNS, are completely dependent on microglia for immune defense.

Origin

Microglia are derived from primitive myeloid progenitors, which originate in the yolk sac during early embryogenesis. They are unique in the CNS, as they are the only cells that originate from the mesoderm.

Activation

Microglia are extremely sensitive to even small changes in their environment. They become activated and change morphology in response to any pathological changes in the CNS.

Role in disease

Microglia play a crucial role in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, HIV dementia, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple sclerosis (MS).

References

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