Guru Arjan

Guru Arjan (15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was born in Goindval, Punjab, India, and was the youngest son of Guru Ram Das and Mata Bhani. Guru Arjan played a pivotal role in the development of Sikhism, particularly through the compilation of the Adi Granth, the central religious scripture of Sikhism, which later became known as the Guru Granth Sahib.

Early Life

Guru Arjan was born to Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh Guru, and Mata Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das, the third Sikh Guru. From a young age, he was immersed in the teachings and practices of Sikhism. His education included learning the Gurmukhi script, religious texts, and music, which later influenced his contributions to Sikh liturgy.

Guruship

Guru Arjan became the fifth Sikh Guru in 1581, following the death of his father, Guru Ram Das. His appointment was marked by his deep spiritual insight and his ability to lead the Sikh community.

Compilation of the Adi Granth

One of Guru Arjan's most significant contributions was the compilation of the Adi Granth, the first edition of the Guru Granth Sahib. This monumental work was completed in 1604 and included hymns and writings from the first five Sikh Gurus, as well as contributions from various Bhagats and Sufi saints. The Adi Granth was installed in the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) in Amritsar, which Guru Arjan also helped to design and construct.

Construction of the Harmandir Sahib

Guru Arjan is credited with the construction of the Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, in Amritsar. The temple was designed to be a place of worship for all people, regardless of caste or creed, and was built with entrances on all four sides to symbolize openness and acceptance.

Martyrdom

Guru Arjan's leadership and the growing influence of the Sikh community attracted the attention of the Mughal authorities. In 1606, he was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Guru Arjan was subjected to severe torture and ultimately achieved martyrdom on 30 May 1606. His martyrdom is considered a turning point in Sikh history, marking the beginning of the community's militarization under his successor, Guru Hargobind.

Legacy

Guru Arjan's legacy is profound and enduring. He is remembered for his spiritual teachings, his contributions to Sikh scripture, and his role in establishing the Harmandir Sahib as a central place of worship. His martyrdom is commemorated annually by Sikhs around the world.

Also see

• Guru Ram Das
• Guru Hargobind
• Guru Granth Sahib
• Harmandir Sahib
• Sikhism