HLA-DQ2
HLA-DQ2 is a serotype group within the HLA-DQ (DQ) system, a part of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The HLA system is a gene complex that encodes for proteins on the surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans. HLA-DQ2 is associated with several autoimmune diseases, most notably celiac disease.
Structure and Function[edit]
HLA-DQ2 is a heterodimeric protein complex that is encoded by two genes, DQA1 and DQB1, which are located on chromosome 6. The DQ2 molecule is composed of an α-chain (DQA1*05) and a β-chain (DQB1*02). The α-chain is encoded by the DQA1 gene and the β-chain is encoded by the DQB1 gene. The DQ2 molecule is expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells, where it plays a crucial role in the immune response by presenting peptides to CD4+ T cells.
Association with Diseases[edit]
HLA-DQ2 is associated with several autoimmune diseases. The most well-known association is with celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Approximately 90-95% of celiac disease patients carry HLA-DQ2. Other diseases associated with HLA-DQ2 include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.
Testing and Diagnosis[edit]
Testing for HLA-DQ2 is often used in the diagnosis of celiac disease. If a patient tests positive for HLA-DQ2, it does not confirm a diagnosis of celiac disease, but it does indicate a genetic susceptibility. Conversely, a negative test result can effectively rule out celiac disease.
Treatment and Management[edit]
There is currently no cure for diseases associated with HLA-DQ2. Management of these diseases typically involves managing symptoms and avoiding triggers. For example, in the case of celiac disease, a strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment.
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HLA-DQ2[edit]
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HLA-DQ2.5 gliadin
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HLA-DQ locus
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HLA-DQ protein
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HLA-DQ2.5-2.5 protein
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HLA-DQ2.5trans protein
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A2-gliadin 33mer
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DQa2b5 da gliadin
