Haldane effect

Haldane effect is a phenomenon observed in hemoglobin biochemistry where the binding of oxygen is influenced by the presence of carbon dioxide. This effect was first described by the British scientist John Scott Haldane.

Overview

The Haldane effect refers to the observation that deoxygenation of the blood increases its ability to carry carbon dioxide. Conversely, oxygenation of the blood decreases its ability to carry carbon dioxide. This is an important factor in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Mechanism

The Haldane effect is primarily due to the greater ability of deoxygenated hemoglobin to form carbamino compounds. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it has a greater capacity to bind to carbon dioxide. This is because the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin causes a conformational change in the protein that decreases its affinity for carbon dioxide.

In addition, the Haldane effect also involves the bicarbonate ion. When hemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes more acidic, which promotes the release of bicarbonate from the red blood cells into the plasma.

Clinical significance

The Haldane effect plays a crucial role in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It helps to ensure that carbon dioxide is efficiently removed from the body, which is essential for maintaining the correct acid-base balance in the body.

In certain pathological conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the Haldane effect may be reduced. This can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, resulting in respiratory acidosis.

See also

• Bohr effect
• Carbon dioxide transport
• Hemoglobin

References

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