Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
Hydrogen cyanide (pronunciation: /ˈhaɪdrədʒən ˈsaɪənaɪd/), also known as formonitrile or prussic acid, is a simple polar molecule with the chemical formula HCN. It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F).
Etymology
The term "hydrogen cyanide" is derived from the Greek words 'hydro' meaning water, 'gen' meaning generate, and 'cyanide' from 'kyanos' meaning dark blue. The name is due to the fact that it was first isolated from a blue pigment (Prussian blue) which, when treated with acid, produced a gas with a bitter almond odor.
Production and Uses
Hydrogen cyanide is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valuable precursor to many chemical compounds, ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. It is mainly used in the production of acrylonitrile, which is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers and plastics.
Health Effects
Exposure to hydrogen cyanide can cause a range of harmful health effects and is particularly dangerous because it is a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration. Ingestion or inhalation of the substance can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and vomiting. In severe cases, it can cause seizures, cardiac arrest, and even death.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hydrogen cyanide
- Wikipedia's article - Hydrogen cyanide
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