Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation (pronunciation: /ˌhaɪdrɒksɪˈleɪʃən/) is a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group into an organic compound. In biochemistry, hydroxylation reactions are often facilitated by enzymes such as cytochrome P450.
Etymology
The term "hydroxylation" is derived from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water, and "xylos" meaning wood. It was first used in the context of chemistry in the late 19th century.
Process
Hydroxylation involves the addition of a hydroxyl group (-OH) to a molecule, typically an organic compound. This process is often catalyzed by enzymes, such as the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. These enzymes are found in the liver and are responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and toxins.
Biological Importance
Hydroxylation plays a crucial role in the metabolism of many substances in the body. It is a key step in the breakdown of many drugs and toxins, and is also involved in the synthesis of certain hormones and vitamins. For example, the hydroxylation of cholesterol is a key step in the synthesis of vitamin D.
Related Terms
- Hydroxyl group: A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom, bonded together.
- Cytochrome P450: A family of enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of many organic compounds.
- Metabolism: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
- Cholesterol: A type of lipid molecule that is biosynthesized by all animal cells.
- Vitamin D: A group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hydroxylation
- Wikipedia's article - Hydroxylation
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