Inactivated vaccine
Inactivated vaccines are a type of vaccine that contain viruses or bacteria that have been killed or inactivated. They are used to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease that the virus or bacteria would normally cause.
History
The concept of inactivated vaccines dates back to the late 19th century, when Louis Pasteur developed a vaccine for chicken cholera by inactivating the bacteria with heat. Since then, inactivated vaccines have been developed for a variety of diseases, including polio, hepatitis A, and influenza.
Types of Inactivated Vaccines
There are two main types of inactivated vaccines: whole virus vaccines and subunit vaccines.
Whole Virus Vaccines
Whole virus vaccines contain the entire virus that has been inactivated. This type of vaccine is used for diseases such as polio and hepatitis A.
Subunit Vaccines
Subunit vaccines contain only parts of the virus or bacteria. These parts are chosen because they can stimulate a strong immune response. Subunit vaccines are used for diseases such as influenza and whooping cough.
How Inactivated Vaccines Work
Inactivated vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce an immune response. This is done by introducing the inactivated virus or bacteria into the body. The immune system recognizes these as foreign invaders and produces antibodies to fight them. If the person is later exposed to the live virus or bacteria, their immune system is able to respond more quickly and effectively because it has already encountered the inactivated version.
Safety and Efficacy
Inactivated vaccines are generally safe and effective. Because they do not contain live viruses or bacteria, they cannot cause the disease they are designed to prevent. However, they may not provide as long-lasting immunity as live vaccines. For this reason, booster shots may be needed.
See Also
References
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