Jejunoileal bypass
Jejunoileal Bypass
Jejunoileal bypass (/dʒɛˈdʒuːnoʊaɪˈliːəl/ bypass) is a type of bariatric surgery that was formerly used to treat morbid obesity. The procedure involves bypassing a large portion of the small intestine to limit the absorption of nutrients and calories, thereby promoting weight loss.
Etymology
The term "jejunoileal" is derived from the names of the two parts of the small intestine that are bypassed in this procedure: the jejunum and the ileum. "Bypass" refers to the surgical technique of creating a new pathway for food to pass through the digestive system.
Procedure
In a jejunoileal bypass, the surgeon disconnects the jejunum and ileum from the rest of the small intestine and reattaches them to the large intestine. This drastically reduces the length of the small intestine that is available for nutrient absorption. The bypassed section of the small intestine is left in place but is no longer part of the digestive tract.
Related Terms
- Bariatric surgery: A type of surgery that is used to treat obesity. This includes procedures that alter the digestive system to promote weight loss, such as gastric bypass surgery and jejunoileal bypass.
- Jejunum: The second part of the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs.
- Ileum: The third and final part of the small intestine, which absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts.
- Morbid obesity: A condition characterized by being extremely overweight, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher.
Risks and Complications
While jejunoileal bypass can result in significant weight loss, it is associated with a high risk of complications. These include malnutrition, liver disease, and kidney stones. Due to these risks, the procedure has largely been replaced by other forms of bariatric surgery that are safer and more effective.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Jejunoileal bypass
- Wikipedia's article - Jejunoileal bypass
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