Ketonuria

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Ketonuria
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Presence of ketone bodies in urine
Complications	Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
Onset	Acute or chronic
Duration	Variable, depending on underlying cause
Types	N/A
Causes	Diabetes mellitus, starvation, low-carbohydrate diet, alcoholism
Risks	Diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy
Diagnosis	Urinalysis
Differential diagnosis	Diabetes mellitus, starvation, alcoholism
Prevention	Managing underlying conditions, adequate carbohydrate intake
Treatment	Addressing underlying cause, hydration
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in uncontrolled diabetes
Deaths	N/A

Ketonuria

Introduction

Ketonuria refers to the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Ketone bodies, which include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake, carbohydrate restrictive diets, prolonged intense exercise, or in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Causes of Ketonuria

Ketonuria can occur due to various reasons, including:

• Diabetes: Particularly in cases where it is poorly controlled or untreated.
• Starvation or fasting: Leading to the breakdown of fatty acids.
• Low-carbohydrate diets: Such as ketogenic diets.
• Prolonged exercise: Which can deplete glycogen stores in the body.
• Alcoholism: Due to reduced food intake and increased fat metabolism.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

While ketonuria itself may not present obvious symptoms, it can be an indicator of other underlying conditions. Diagnosis is typically made through urine tests, which can detect the presence of ketones.

Urine test strip for detecting ketonuria.

Health Implications

The presence of ketones in the urine can be a sign of ketoacidosis, a serious complication of diabetes that requires immediate medical attention. In non-diabetic contexts, such as dieting or fasting, ketonuria may be a temporary condition.

Treatment and Management

Treatment of ketonuria involves addressing the underlying cause:

• Managing diabetes effectively.
• Adjusting diet and nutrition.
• Ensuring adequate carbohydrate intake in the case of fasting or dieting.
• Medical intervention in the case of ketoacidosis.

Prevention

Preventing ketonuria involves:

• Effective management of diabetes.
• Balanced nutrition and avoidance of prolonged fasting.
• Regular medical check-ups for individuals at risk.

See Also

• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Urology
• Metabolic disorders

External Links

• American Diabetes Association
• National Kidney Foundation

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